Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table, and the fluorine atom has a small atomic radius, so fluorine-containing organic compounds have many wonderful properties. For example, the introduction of fluorine atoms or fluorine-containing groups into drug molecules can improve the permeability to cell membranes, metabolic stability and bioavailability; in addition, the introduction of fluorine atoms will improve the lipid solubility of the compound and promote its absorption in the body. The speed of delivery changes the physiological effect. In the field of medicinal chemistry, the introduction of fluorine atoms into organic molecules is an important direction for the development of new anticancer drugs, antitumor drugs, antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and central nervous system drugs.
Imidazolines are a class of heterocycles derived from imidazoles by reduction of one of the two double bonds. Three isomers are known, 2-imidazoline, 3-imidazoline and 4-imidazoline. 2 and 3-imidazolines contain imine centers, while 4-imidazolines contain alkene groups. The 2-imidazoline group occurs in several drugs. Imidazolines are an important class of compounds found in many natural and medicinal products. These compounds are also used as intermediates in the synthesis of organic molecules. Furthermore, chiral imidazolines are widely used as organic catalysts for the synthesis of various natural and synthetic organic compounds.
Imidazole is an important five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. Among the numerous heterocyclic compounds, imidazole and its derivatives are regarded as a unique and multifaceted scaffold material due to their diverse applications in industrial, organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. Imidazoles interact in different ways with many therapeutic targets, enzymes and receptors in biological systems and thus exhibit a wide range of biological activities. In particular, several imidazoles can be used as clinical drugs to treat various types of cancer with high therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, imidazoles are one of the most critical segments in the field of anti-covid-19 virus drug discovery due to their ability to interact with active targets in living systems.