Carbazoles are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with a planar tricyclic skeleton consisting of two benzene rings fused on both sides of the central pyrrole ring, with a large aromatic system and a central nitrogen atom, showing broad of electron delocalization. The structure of this compound is based on the indole structure, but in which a second benzene ring is fused to a five-membered ring at positions 2-3 of the indole. Carbazole structural motifs are widely found in, but not limited to, a large number of natural alkaloids of plant or bacterial origin. Since many of these alkaloids are medically useful, exhibit a fairly wide range of biological activities (anticancer, anti-HIV, antibacterial, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anticoagulant, analgesic, antiepileptic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, etc.). Medicinal chemistry also uses carbazole motifs in synthetic drugs to combat hypertension, heart disease, and hepatitis C virus replication.
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Indole is a compound of pyrrole and benzene in parallel, also known as benzopyrrole. There are two combinations of pyrrole and benzene, called indole and isoindole, respectively. Many derivatives of indole have physiological and pharmacological activities, and can synthesize vasodilators, antihistamines, antipyretic analgesics, etc. in medicine, so indole is also a very important heterocyclic compound.