Benzimidazole is a benzo derivative of imidazole. It is a kind of bicyclic aromatic organic compounds, which is formed by fusing a six-membered benzene ring and five-membered imidazole at positions 4 and 5 of imidazole ring. It is an important pharmacophore of many biologically active heterocyclic compounds with various pharmacological activities. Benzimidazoles and their derivatives have developed into dynamic heterocyclic systems due to their potency in a variety of biologically active compounds such as anticancer, bactericidal and antiviral drugs. Benzimidazoles are a class of therapeutic motifs with broad relevance in medicinal chemistry.
Carbazoles are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with a planar tricyclic skeleton consisting of two benzene rings fused on both sides of the central pyrrole ring, with a large aromatic system and a central nitrogen atom, showing broad of electron delocalization. The structure of this compound is based on the indole structure, but in which a second benzene ring is fused to a five-membered ring at positions 2-3 of the indole. Carbazole structural motifs are widely found in, but not limited to, a large number of natural alkaloids of plant or bacterial origin. Since many of these alkaloids are medically useful, exhibit a fairly wide range of biological activities (anticancer, anti-HIV, antibacterial, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anticoagulant, analgesic, antiepileptic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, etc.). Medicinal chemistry also uses carbazole motifs in synthetic drugs to combat hypertension, heart disease, and hepatitis C virus replication.
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